ing形式的用法
一、动词的-ing形式作主语
1、动词的-ing形式可直接置于句首作主语。
Seeing is believing.
百闻不如一见。
2、为了保持句子平衡,通常用先行词it作形式主语,而把真正的主语放在句末。
It is easy making plans, but it is difficult carrying them.
制定计划很容易,实行它却很难。
二、动词的-ing形式作表语
动词的-ing形式作表语的有两种不同的含义:
1、表示主语的内容是什么。
2、表示主语具有的特征。
三、动词的-ing形式作宾语
动词的-ing形式既可作及物动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。
1、作动词的宾语
能用-ing形式作宾语的及物动词可分两类,一类是只能用-ing形式作宾语,另一类是既可用-ing形式作宾语,也可用不定式作宾语。
(1)只能用-ing形式作宾语的动词
这类动词只能用-ing形式作宾语,不能用不定式作宾语。
Fancy meeting you here!
想不到在这儿见到你了!
(2)既可用动词-ing形式作宾语,也可用不定式作宾语
这类动词虽然既能用-ing形式作宾语,也能用不定式作宾语,但用法并不相同,主要有以下几种情况:
①有些动词,如attempt, continue, hate, intend, like, love,prefer等,后面接动词的-ing形式或不定式区别不是很大。
They prefer spending/to spend their summer vacation in Dalian.
他们更喜欢在大连度暑假。
②need, require, want作“需要”解时,后面接-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式,意义上并无差别,但用-ing形式比较普通。
Your composition needs correcting/to be corrected.
你的作文需要修改。
2、作介词宾语
动词的-ing形式作介词宾语大都和一些固定搭配有关。常见的几种搭配形式有:
①动词+介词+-ing形式
Jason aims at becoming an astron***t.
詹森立志要当宇航员。
②动词+名词+介词+-ing形式
Please excuse me for being late.
对不起,我迟到了。
③名词+介词+-ing形式
We like his w*** of teaching English.
我们喜欢他教英语的方式。
④形容词+介词+-ing形式
I'm tired of having the same food every d***.
天天吃同样的东西我感到腻烦了。
⑤what/how about + -ing形式
What about going for a walk?
去散步好不好?
⑥介词to+动词-ing形式
扩展资料
1、ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别。一般说来,表示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用-ing形式。表示一个具体某一次的动作时,多用动词不定式,
如:Our job is making steel. She likes pl***ing the piano, but she doesn’t want to pl*** it tod***.
2、ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别。-ing形式作定语用时,其动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生,而动词不定式作定语时,其动作一般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后。
如:The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well./I have three letters to write.
3、ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别。
(1)不定式作宾补时,其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后,如:I have told them to come again tomorrow.
(2)在see, watch, hear, feel等之后,如果用-ing形式作宾补,表示其动作正在进行中,而用不带to的不定式作宾补时,不定式所表示的动作是一个动作的过程,
如:I hear her singing in the room.我听见她正在屋里唱歌。
ing的3种用法
ing的3种用法:正在进行时中,谓语动词后加ing;动词现在分词由动词原形在词尾加ing构成;以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing。 扩展资料 ing的'3种用法:正在进行时中,谓语动词后加ing;动词现在分词由动词原形在词尾加ing构成;以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing。
动词ing形式的5种用法
动词ing形式的5种用法如下:
1、动词以y结尾时直接加ing
pl***-pl***ing 玩
st***-st***ing 逗留
study-studying 学习
carry-carrying 运送
2、一般在词尾加ing
help-helping 帮助
look-looking 看
plant-planting 种植
work-working 工作
3、以ie结尾的动词,先将ie变为y,再加ing
die-dying 死
lie-lying 躺;撒谎
tie-tying 绑
4、以不发音的e结尾的词,先去e,再加ing
live-living 居住
hope-hoping 希望
change-changing 变化
5、少数双音节动词,尽管重音不在后面,可以双写末尾的辅音字母,然后再加ing
travel-traveling (美语)旅行
travel-travelling(英语)旅行
6、以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,要双写这个辅音字母,然后再加ing
drop-dropping 掉落
begin-beginning 开始
run-running 跑
prefer-preferring 更喜欢
ing的用法
1、-ing分词的构成
-ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成.-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化,通常有下表几种形式(以do为例):
一般式 完成式
主动形式 doing 主动形式 having done
被动形式 being done 被动形式 having been done
-ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成.如:
Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but st*** at home and wait.
不知道他的地址,我只好在家里等着.
His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气.
2. -ing分词的一般式和完成式:
-ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作;完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作.如:
Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生,他对书本很感兴趣.
Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课,他考试不及格.
3. -ing分词的被动式:
-ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者.根据-ing分词动作发生的时间,-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done).如:
The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要.
Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up ***oking. 被老师批评以后,他把烟戒了.
注意:在need, want, require, be worth等动词(短语)后,作宾语的-ing分词常用主动形式来表示被动含义.如:
Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了.
This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一看.
4. -ing分词的语法作用
-ing分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等.
1)–ing分词(短语)作主语:
L***ing eggs is the ant queen's full-time job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作.
S***ing is easier than doing. 说比做容易.
在下面两种结构中,-ing分词也作主语.
①为了保持句子平衡,通常用作形式主语,而把真实主语放在句末.如:
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的.
It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间.
②在There is no结构中,通常用-ing分词.如:
There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑.
There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史车轮不可阻挡.
2) -ing分词(短语)作表语:
His ho***y is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是收集邮票.
The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑.
3) -ing分词作宾语:
①–ing分词作动词宾语.如:I suggest doing it in a different w***. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事.
We enjoy attending Miss Li''s class. 我们喜欢听李老师的课.
②-ing分词作宾语也可用在复合宾语中作真正的宾语,而用it作形式宾语.如:
I don’t think it possible living in such a cold place. 我认为住在这么寒冷的地方是不可能的.
Do you consider it any good trying again? 你觉得再试一次会有好处吗?
③-ing分词作介词宾语,经常用在一些短语的后面.如:
I'm against inviting him to dinner. 我反对邀请他来吃饭.
They don’t feel like walking that much. 他们不喜欢走那么多路.
此类短语还有很多.如:look forward to(渴望,盼望), be proud of(以……自豪), be responsible for(对……负责), insist on(坚持), think of(考虑,想到), dream of(梦想), object to(反对,抗议), hear of(听说), prevent…from(防止,阻止), keep…from(防止,阻止), stop…from(防止,阻止), be engaged in(从事于), depend on(依靠,依赖), thank…for(因……而道谢), excuse…for(因……而道歉), aim at(目的在于), devote…to(献身于), set about(着手做), be/get used to(习惯于), be fond of(喜欢), be afraid of(害怕), be tired of(对……厌烦), succeed in(成功地做……), be interested in(对……感兴趣), be ashamed of(对……感到羞愧)等等.
注意:在有些句子中,介词常可省去.如:
I have no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners. 我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难.
He used to spend a lot of time (in) pl***ing games. 过去他常花很多时间玩游戏.
What can prevent us (from) getting married? 有什么能阻止我们结婚?
另外,-ing分词可以和一些介词如in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等构成短语,在句中作状语.如:
He left ahead of time without s***ing a word. 他一句话也没说就提前离开了.
Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of four children.
除了做饭和缝纫以外,她还要照顾四个孩子.
On hearing the news, all the pupils jumped with joy. 听到这个消息后,所有的学生都高兴得跳了起来.
4) -ing分词作定语:
①单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面.如:
reading room 阅览室 swimming pool 游泳池 dining car 餐车
sleeping car 卧车 singing competition 歌咏比赛 waiting room 候车室
②-ing分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面,也相当于一个定语从句.如:
Who is the comrade standing by the door? 站在门边的同志是谁?
They lived in a house facing south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里.
③–ing分词还可以作非限制性定语,相当于一个非限制性定语从句,常用逗号和句子其它部分分开.如:
The words, usually dealing with current work, were mostly written by himself.
歌词一般讲当前的工作,大部分是他自己写的.
When she appeared, John, wearing a dirty and worn-out overcoat, ran to her with joy. 当她出现的时候,约翰穿着一件又脏又破的大衣高兴地跑了过去.
5) -ing分词做状语:
-ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等.
①-ing分词短语作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时可由连词when, while引出.如:
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书,一边不时地点头.
Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画,他想起了她的童年.
②-ing分词短语作原因状语,相当于一个原因状语从句.如:
Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址,我不能把这本书送给他.
Many of us, being so excited, couldn’t go to sleep that night. 因为非常激动,那晚我们许多人都没睡着.
③–ing分词短语作结果状语.如:
His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了,留给他许多钱.
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
她非常生气,把玩具扔在地上,把它摔成了碎片.
④-ing分词作伴随状语,可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间,表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作.如:
They stood there for half an hour, watching the stars in the sky. 他们在那儿站了半小时,观察着天上的星星.
Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.
年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来.
⑤-ing分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语,相当于一个状语从句.如:
Knowing all this, they made me p*** for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况,他们还是要我赔偿损失.
注:-ing分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语.
⑥“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing分词”结构在句中作状语,表示伴随情况或时间、原因等.如:
His hair became grey with the years passing. 随着时间的推移,他的头发变花白了.
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 没人注意,他从窗户溜了出去.
6) -ing分词作补语:
①--ing分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等动词后面和一个名词或代词构成一个复合宾语,作宾语补语.如:
I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.
我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来.
Last night the shopkeeper c***ght a child stealing some food in the shop.
昨晚,店主在商店里抓到一个小孩在偷东西.
②上面这类句子也可变成被动语态,这时,-ing分词可看成是主语补语.如:
We were kept waiting for quite a long time. 让我们等了好长时间.
Lily was never heard singing that song again. 人们再也没有听到吉丽唱这首歌了.
5. -ing分词的复合结构:
-ing分词的复合结构通常由物主代词、人称代词宾格、名词所有格或者名词的普通格+-ing分词构成,在句子开头时必须用物主代词和名词所有格,通常在句中作主语和宾语.如:
His coming made us very happy. 他的到来使我们大家都很高.
He was awakened by someone’s knocking at the door. 他被某人的敲门声吵醒了.
6. –ing分词作主语和表语时与不定式的区别:
1)、-ing分词和动词不定式作主语和表语的主要区别在于:在表示比较抽象的一般的多次性行为时多用-ing分词;在表示具体的或一次性的动作,特别是将来的动作时,多用不定式.如:
Smoking is forbidden here. (泛指吸烟)这里***止吸烟.
It’s not good for you to ***oke so much. (指你吸烟)吸这么多烟对你的身体不好.
2). 高中阶段能接-ing分词作宾语的常见动词:
mind(介意), suggest(建议), enjoy(欣赏,), admit(承认), appreciate(感激,欣赏), avoid(避免), del***(推迟), dislike(不喜欢,厌恶), escape(逃脱), finish(完成), forgive(宽恕), imagine(想象), keep(保持), miss(错过), practise(训练), resist(抵抗,抵制), risk(冒险), deny(拒绝,否认), consider(考虑)等.
3). 有些动词既能接不定式,又能接-ing分词,含义有所不同.如:
①forget, remember, regret等词后面接不定式表示不定式动作后于谓语动作,而后接-ing分词作宾语表示分词动作先于谓语动作.如:
Do you remember seeing me before? 你记得以前见过我吗?
Remember to lock the door when you leave. 离开时要记得锁门.
②动词mean, stop, try, go on等动词后面接分词和接不定式作宾语,意思也有所不同.如:
I try not to think about that. 我尽量不去想那件事.
Would you please try doing that again? 请你再试一次好吗?
I mean to change it for another one. 我想换成另外一个.
Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 误了这班车就意味着再等一个小时.
Having finished the exercises, we went on to learn the new words in the next unit.
做完练习以后,我们继续学习下一单元的单词.
③动词allow, advise, forbid, permit等可直接跟-ing分词作宾语,不可以接动词不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾语补语.如:
Please permit me to s*** a few words. 请允许我说几句话.
We don’t permit ***oking here. 我们这儿不允许吸烟.
④动词need, require, want作“需要”解时,后面接-ing分词或不定式的被动式.如:
The room wants cleaning/to be cleaned. 这个房间需要打扫.
These little children require looking after carefully/to be looked after carefully.
这些小孩需要细心地照料.
⑤动词like, hate, prefer等后面,如表示一般性动作,多用-ing分词;如指特定的具体的某次动作,多用不定式.如:
I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim with you. 我喜欢游泳,但我不喜欢和你一起游泳.
I prefer walking to school every d***. 我情愿每天步行去学校.
I prefer to st*** at home tod***. 今天我情愿呆在家里.
⑥动词begin, start后面,如表示有意识地开始做某事,常用-ing分词,否则用不定式更多一些.如:
We began to do that job last year. 我们去年开始做那工作的.
They started talking about the film at once. 他们立刻开始谈论那部电影.
注:下面几种情况多用不定式作宾语:
a. 当start, begin本身用于进行时态时.
When the teacher came into the room, he was starting to write to his parents.
老师走进教室的时候,他正开始写信给他的父母亲.
b. 当start, begin后接表示心理活动的动词时.
Hearing the news, he started to think of a good w*** to solve the problem.
一听到消息,他就开始考虑一个好办法来解决这个问题.
c. 当句子的主语是无生命的东西时.
We were about to leave when it began to rain. 我们正准备离开,天开始下雨了.
7. -ing分词作表语的两种不同含义:
①-ing分词作表语可以表示主语的内容是什么.如:
Their job is building houses. 他们的工作是盖房子.
The real question is getting to know the needs of the people. 真正的问题是了解人民的需要.
②-ing分词作表语还可以表示主语所具有的特征.如:
This story is very interesting. 这故事很有趣.
The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑.
①–ing分词作定语可用来说明被修饰的名词的用途和性能.如:
reading material 阅读材料 walking stick 手杖 fishing pole 鱼杆
flying suit 飞行服 writing table 写字台 listening practice 听力训练
②-ing分词作定语还可以表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态.如:
developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家
a growing city = a city that is growing 发展着的城市
8. 不定式和-ing分词作宾语补语的区别:
在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后,既可用-ing分词构成复合宾语,也可用不定式构成复合宾语,两者之间有一定的区别.用-ing分词时,表示动作正在进行;用不定式时,表示动作发生了,即动作的全过程结束了.如:
Do you hear someone knocking at the door? (Someone is knocking at the door.) 有人在敲门你听见了吗?
Do you hear someone knock at the door? (Someone knocked at the door just now.) 你听见有人敲门了吗?
9. 高中阶段常见的带介词to的短语,后接-ing分词或名词.如:
admit to(承认), contribute to(捐助、贡献), get down to(着手做), give w*** to(让位于),keep to (坚持、遵守), lead to (导致),look forward to(期待), take to(从事), turn to (求助于), stick to(忠于、坚持), point to(指向、表明), see to (注意、处理), be used to (习惯于), devote oneself to (献身于), be equal to (胜任的、等于), be familiar to (为……熟悉).
高中阶段有一些固定的-ing分词短语,如generally speaking(一般来说), judging from…(根据……来判断), considering…(考虑到……), talking of…(谈到……,提到……), supposing…(假如……)等,它们的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致.这种短语可以被称之为句子的状语,也可当作一个插入语.如:
Judging from his accent, he must come from Canada. 从他的口音看他一定来自加拿大.
Considering how poor he was, we decided to let him attend the concert for free.
考虑到他是多么的穷,我们决定让他免费听音乐会.
Ing的用法有哪些
动词的-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式,由动词原形加-ing构成,包括-ing分词和-ing动名词。可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。
一、作主语
1.一般形式
Seeing is believing.
眼见为信。
Coming to Hangzhou by train tkes about 16 hours.
乘火车到杭州要16个小时。
2.通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长,用it作形式主语。如:
It’s nice talking with you.
和你谈话很高兴。
It’s no use arguing with him.
跟他争论没用。
3. “There + be + no + -ing”结构,此结构的意义相当于“It’s impossible + 不定式”。 如:
There is no harm in doing so.
这样做没有害处。
二、作表语
动词-ing可用来作表语。如:
This food ***ells inviting.
这种食物香味怡人。
My favorite sport is swimming.
我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
Their job is cleaning the window.
他们的工作是打扫窗子。
三、作宾语
1.动词-ing形式可以用作动词、短语动词和介词的宾语
I warned her against driving fast.
Jim dislikes eating chocolate.
2.有些动词和动词短语后接宾语的非限定性动词时只能是-ing分词,常见的这类动词有:admit, acknowledge, advise, appreciate, avoid, del***, deny, dislike, enjoy, excuse, escape, fancy, finish, forgive, face, endure, involve, give up, imagine, mention, mind, miss, pardon, practise, require, resent, resist, suggest, recall, resist, understand等。
The doctor advised taking more exercise.
医生建议多锻炼。
I suggest doing it in a different w***.
我建议用不同的方法做。
3.大部分“动词+介词“短词动词,只能后接动词-ing作宾语。这些动词短语有:think of, give up, aim at, put off, insist on, persist in, be good at, do well in, can’t help, keep on, leave off, feel like, be tired (afraid, capable, fond) of, set about等。
以下为to作介词的短语有:be used to, object to, devote oneself to, stick to, respond to, look forward to, see to, submit to, adapt to, apply to, accede to, get to, prefer to, adjust to, owe to, react to等。
Do you feel like having a drink?
你想喝点饮料吗?
I prefer swimming to pl***ing basketball.
我喜欢游泳胜于打篮球。
4.有些动词既可能带-ing分词作宾语,也可以带to不定式作宾语,但在语义上却有很大的差别。如:
(1)chance to do 碰巧去做某事
chance doing 冒险试一试做某事
(2)forget to do 忘记要去做某事
forget doing 忘记曾做过某事
(3)go on to do 接着又做另一件事
go on doing 继续做同一件事
(4)remember to do 记得要去做某事
remember doing 记得曾做过某事
(5)stop to do 停下来去做某事
stop doing 停止做某事
(6)try to do 努力做某事
try doing 试一试做某事
(7)regret to do 对将要做的事表示遗憾
regret doing 对做过的事表示遗憾
(8)mean to do 打算/想做某事
mean doing 意味着/意思是做某事
四、作宾语补语
I found the parade quite interesting to watch.
这种用法通常用在下列几类动词中,后接宾语然后加上-ing 分词,构成复合宾语结构,-ing分词充当宾补成分。
1.表示感觉和心理状态的动词,如:see, hear, feel, find, ***ell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe等。如:
There we found him watching TV.
我们发现他在那儿看电视。
I heard someone knocking at the door.
我听见有人在敲门。
2.在有些动词(如:regard, describe, accept, think of, quote等)之后,可由as引出-ing分词词组作宾补。如:
They regarded the contract as being invalid.
他们认为合同无效。
They described the child as being very clever.
他们描述这孩子非常聪明。
3.使役动词,如:set, keep, have, get, leave, catch等。如:
Can you get my watch going again?
你能使我的表再走起来吗?
This sets me thinking.
这使我思考。
五、作状语
-ing分词作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作,它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。
Having cleaned the rooms we began to weed the garden. (时间)
打扫完房间,我们开始在花园里除草。
Coming into the room, she saw everybody already at their work. (时间)
进屋以后,她看到人人都在工作。
Being ill, he couldn’t go to school. (原因)
因为生病,他不能去上学。
Having no interest in the topic, he didn’t go to the lecture. (原因)
由于对这个话题没有兴趣,他没去参加讲座。
Working diligently, you will certainly succeed. (条件)
只要刻苦学习,你会成功的。
Using atomic energy, we can build spaceships. (条件)
利用原子能,我们能够建造太空船。
Granting the achievements to be great, there is still something to bi desired. (让步)
(尽管)成绩是巨大的,(但)仍有一些要求改进的东西。
My car was c***ght in a traffic jam, thus c***sing the del***. (结果)
我的车被交通拥挤堵住,所以延误了。
Traveling by train, we visited a number of cities. (方式)
我们坐火车访问了好多城市。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book. ( 伴随)
玛丽坐在教室的窗户旁,正在读一本书。
六、作定语
分词作定语时和形容词的功能是相似的。-ing分词可以单独作定语,如:
a ***iling face 笑脸
a leading figure 领导人物
-ing分词还能构成合成词作定语,如:
easy-going man 好说话的人
当分词短语做后置定语时,可以转换成定语从句。
She went on board the train leaving for Shanghai.
=She went on board the train, which was leaving for Shanghai.
她乘坐了去上海的火车。
There are two roads before us, one leading to the beach, the other to the park.
=There are two roads before us, one which leads to the beach, the other to the park.
在我们面前有两条路,一条通向沙滩,另一条通向公园。
动词ing的用法有哪些?
后面加动词ing的动词:avoid避免、practice练习、dislike厌恶、admit接受、repent后悔、acknowledge承认、enjoy享受、escape避免;
deny否认 、postpone延迟、resent怨恨、mind介意、miss错过、risk冒风险、finish完成、avoid避免、del***耽误、consider认为、fancy想象、excuse原谅、include包括、imagine想象。
扩展资料:
动词-ing形式的特征和种类:与动词不定式一样,动词的-ing形式也具有动词的特征,有时态和语态的变化,并可带状语、宾语等。动词-ing形式的一般式:
1、动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作,没有特别的时间意义。
Swimming is her favorite sport.游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。
2、动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。
They went out of the classroom, talking and l***ghing.他们有说有笑地走出教室。
3、动词-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。
I remembered sending him an e-mail last week. 我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。
动词-ing形式的完成式:动词的-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作,这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well.在这个城市生活了3年,她对这里已很熟悉。
注意:在现代英语中,作宾语的-ing形式的完成式可用一般式来代替。
I really regretted missing such an exciting lecture.=I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture.错过了这么振奋人心的演讲,我真的很遗憾。
动词-ing形式的被动形式:动词的-ing形式的被动形式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing形式表示的动作的承受者。
1、一般式的被动形式:
The question being discussed is very important. 正在讨论的问题很重要。
2、完成式的被动形式:
I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team.我听说他被选为球队的教练。
动词-ing形式的否定形式:动词的-ing形式的否定形式是由not加动词的-ing形式构成。
His not coming made everyone present very disappointed. 他没来使在场的每个人都很失望。
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